Damo

Docker

Docker 是一个开源的 Linux 应用容器引擎，提供简单易用的接口来操作应用容器。应用容器采用沙箱机制，运行在同一个 Linux 内核上，实现了应用之间的资源隔离与权限控制，可以快速地部署到任何流行的 Linux 机器上。

安装

macOS 下安装 Docker ，推荐使用 Homebrew 安装，整体流程如下：

  • 安装 Homebrew

    Homebrew 是一个包管理器，用于安装 macOS 没有预装但你需要的 Unix 工具。

    Homebrew 的安装步骤如下：

    • 安装 Command Line Tools for Xcode
    xcode-select --install
    • 安装 Homebrew
    # install
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

# uninstall
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"
    • 使用 Homebrew
    # install pkg
brew install redis

# without updating
# Reference: https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/issues/1670
HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 brew install redis

    提示

    使用 brew 更新及安装包时，推荐使用国内镜像源，以防下载过慢。

  • 安装 Docker

    Homebrew Cask 用来安装和管理 macOS 图形界面程序，而 Docker 便通过此工具来进行安装。

    # install dmg
brew cask install docker

# uninstall dmg
brew cask uninstall docker

    在终端可通过命令可以检查安装后的 Docker 版本：

    # check docker
$ docker -v
Docker version 18.09.2, build 6247962

# check docker-compose
# https://docs.docker.com/compose/overview/
$ docker-compose -v
docker-compose version 1.23.2, build 1110ad01

# check docker-machine
# https://docs.docker.com/machine/overview/
$ docker-machine -v
docker-machine version 0.16.1, build cce350d7

常用命令

  • docker

    更多命令可参阅：Docker CLI (docker)

    • 下载镜像
    # download docker image
# Reference : https://hub.docker.com/
$ docker pull node
    • 获取镜像列表
    # list images
$ docker image ls
# image list
REPOSITORY        TAG               IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mongo             3.4               ad62612cfc71        3 weeks ago         425MB
redis             4.0.6             1e70071f4af4        16 months ago       107MB
    • 获取容器列表
    # list containers in running
$ docker ps
# container list
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
6d665a34f4f5        ubuntu:12.04        bash                   17 seconds ago       Up 16 seconds       3300-3310/tcp       webapp
4d86fe3c8c50        redis:latest        /redis-server --dir    33 minutes ago       Up 33 minutes       6379/tcp            redis
    • 获取数据卷列表
    # list volumes
$ docker volume ls
# volume list
DRIVER          VOLUME NAME
local           0d89bd5676305cff08f964a28d499f6d3ff13f7e4c3264022c646c61d1a01bf3
local           0d854f16c00ff828ace09c21554ce3fba4ad74a32be2236be1dcc208b9e7929d
local           0dca2c640b4ab7611bbdfa3a9513bd0e20ae1472e440ea83a96a4501a5052220
    • 运行容器
    # run container
$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG|@DIGEST] [COMMAND] [ARG...]
# example

# run in container id
# Longhand
$ docker run 6d665a34f4f5 
# Shorthand
$ docker run 6d6

# run in container name
$ docker run webapp
    • 停止容器
    # stop container
$ docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

# example
$ docker stop 6d665a34f4f5
    • 进入容器执行命令
    # enter container
$ docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

# example
$ docker exec -it webapp bash
$ root@6d665a34f4f5:/
    • 删除容器
    # delete container
# stop container，then delete container
$ docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

# example
$ docker rm 6d665a34f4f5
    • 删除所有容器及数据卷
    # example
# -v: Remove all associated volumes
# -f: Forces the removal
# -a: for all containers, even not running(or images)
# -q: to remove all the details other than the ID of containers (or images)
$ docker rm -vf $(docker ps -a -q)
    • 删除所有镜像
    # example
# -v: Remove all associated volumes
# -f: Forces the removal
# -a: for all containers, even not running(or images)
# -q: to remove all the details other than the ID of containers (or images)
$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -a -q)
    • 删除所有 none 镜像
    docker rmi $(docker images | grep "^<none>" | awk "{print $3}")
    • 删除所有未启动容器
    docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

  • docker-compose

    更多命令可参阅：Compose (docker-compose) CLI

    • 启动 docker-compose.yml 所有服务
    # run service in docker-compose.yml
$ docker-compose up [options] [--scale SERVICE=NUM...] [SERVICE...]

# example
# only print container name
$ docker-compose up -d
$ Creating network "web-service" with the default driver
$ Creating webapp  ... done
$ Creating redis   ... done
# show detail
$ docker-compose up
$ Creating network "web-service" with the default driver
$ Creating webapp  ... done
$ Creating redis   ... done
$ ...
    • 停止并移除 docker-compose.yml 所有服务
    # stop and remove service in docker-compose.yml
$ docker-compose down [options]
# example
$ docker-compose down
$ Stopping webapp  ... done
$ Stopping redis   ... done
$ Removing webapp  ... done
$ Removing redis   ... done
$ Removing network web-service

参考链接

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